Ultimate Guide to V2G Telematics Integration

Q: How do protocols like ISO 15118 and OpenADR ensure different parts of a V2G system work together?

Protocols like ISO 15118 and OpenADR play a key role in making Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems work effectively by offering standardised communication frameworks between electric vehicles (EVs), charging stations, and the electrical grid. ISO 15118 focuses on secure, plug-and-charge functionality, simplifying the charging process while enabling bi-directional energy transfer. This ensures that EVs and charging infrastructure from different manufacturers can work together seamlessly. Meanwhile, OpenADR supports automated communication for demand response, helping grid operators manage energy flow efficiently during periods of high demand or surplus. By setting common data formats and security protocols, these standards ensure reliable interaction between all components in a V2G system, paving the way for smoother and more efficient energy exchange.

Explore how integrating V2G technology with telematics can reduce energy costs and enhance fleet efficiency while supporting grid stability.

Michael Bar

29 Sep 2025 • 17 min read

Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology with telematics offers UK fleet managers a way to save on energy costs, generate additional income, and support grid stability. V2G allows electric vehicles (EVs) to send electricity back to the grid during peak demand, turning idle fleet vehicles into energy assets. Telematics systems enable seamless management of this process by providing real-time data, remote monitoring, and advanced scheduling tools.

Key Points:

What is V2G? EVs act as mobile energy storage, discharging electricity to the grid during high demand.
Why use telematics? It helps track battery levels, optimise charging schedules, and coordinate with grid operators.
Benefits: Reduced energy costs, added revenue from grid services, improved fleet efficiency, and better battery health monitoring.
Requirements: Compatible vehicles, bidirectional chargers, and secure telematics systems that meet UK regulations.
Planning: Assess fleet readiness, upgrade infrastructure, and partner with grid service aggregators for revenue opportunities.

V2G integration requires careful preparation, but with the right setup, it can transform how fleets manage energy while contributing to sustainability goals.

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V2G Integration Standards and Protocols

For Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems to work effectively, they rely on specific communication standards that allow vehicles, chargers, and grid systems to interact seamlessly. These protocols are essential for ensuring compatibility across all the components involved.

V2G systems are inherently complex because they involve multiple devices communicating with each other. Electric vehicles (EVs) need to connect with charging points, which then coordinate with grid operators and energy management systems. Without standardised communication protocols, this interaction can break down, leading to inefficiencies or even complete system failures.

For fleet managers, understanding these standards is crucial. Choosing the wrong protocol can result in expensive equipment that cannot communicate effectively, turning a potential revenue-generating system into a costly liability. These protocols ensure that all components - from vehicles to charging points to grid systems - work together seamlessly.

V2G Communication Protocols Explained

Several key protocols underpin V2G communication, each serving a specific role in the system:

ISO 15118
This protocol is the cornerstone of V2G communication, defining how EVs and charging infrastructure exchange information. One of its standout features is "Plug & Charge", which allows vehicles to automatically authenticate and start charging without any driver intervention.
ISO 15118 manages critical tasks such as vehicle identification, payment authorisation, and energy transfer control. When a fleet vehicle connects to a V2G-enabled charger, this protocol handles the initial handshake, negotiates charging parameters, and ensures smooth operation.

OpenADR (Open Automated Demand Response)
OpenADR bridges the gap between charging systems and grid operators. It enables grid operators to send automated signals to V2G systems, requesting either increased charging during off-peak times or energy discharge during peak demand.
Operating on a client-server model, OpenADR allows V2G systems to register with utility programmes and receive updates like pricing changes, grid emergencies, or specific energy service requests.

OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol)
OCPP facilitates communication between charging points and central management systems. Initially developed for standard EV charging, the updated OCPP 2.0.1 version includes features for V2G operations, enabling two-way energy control.
This protocol handles tasks such as monitoring charging sessions, remotely managing charging points, and integrating with fleet management software. OCPP ensures that charging infrastructure from various manufacturers can operate on a unified platform, giving fleet managers flexibility in equipment selection.

IEC 61850
This protocol governs communication within electrical substations and grid infrastructure. For V2G systems, it ensures that charging systems integrate smoothly with existing grid protection and control systems. It’s particularly relevant for large fleets directly connected to distribution networks.

System Compatibility Requirements

The effectiveness of V2G systems hinges on seamless communication, which these protocols enable. For fleet managers, ensuring compatibility across vehicles, chargers, and grid systems is non-negotiable.

Vehicle Compatibility
Not all EVs can participate in V2G operations. Vehicles need to support bidirectional charging and must have onboard chargers equipped with V2G-enabled communication protocols.
Telematics systems within the vehicle must integrate with the charging system to share essential data, such as battery status, charging schedules, and energy availability. Manufacturers need to incorporate V2G functionality directly into their telematics platforms to enable this level of integration.

Charging Infrastructure Compatibility
Charging points must support protocols like ISO 15118 and OCPP for effective V2G operations. These chargers should facilitate safe bidirectional power flow while maintaining communication with both vehicles and management systems.
Additionally, charging points need sufficient processing power to handle multiple protocol stacks simultaneously. They must authenticate vehicles, negotiate charging parameters, respond to grid signals, and provide status updates to fleet management systems.

Grid Integration Compatibility
For successful grid integration, V2G systems must communicate effectively with Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) and grid service aggregators. OpenADR certification and compliance with local grid regulations are typically required.
Telematics platforms act as interpreters, translating between the different protocol languages used by vehicles, chargers, and grid operators. GRS Fleet Telematics, for instance, provides this translation capability, ensuring smooth communication across all system components.

Data Security Requirements
With multiple systems exchanging sensitive data - such as energy usage, vehicle locations, and grid operations - robust data security is vital. All protocols must include encryption and authentication measures to safeguard this information.
Fleet managers should verify that their telematics solutions support the latest security updates for all relevant protocols. A lack of cybersecurity measures could jeopardise both vehicle operations and grid stability, making security a critical aspect of any V2G deployment.

Planning V2G Telematics Integration

Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology into fleet operations isn’t something that happens overnight. It requires careful planning, detailed assessments, and a solid understanding of both operational and financial implications. Fleet managers must also ensure compliance with UK regulations before committing to this shift.

Given the complexity of V2G systems, early preparation and expert consultation are crucial. Without proper planning, there’s a risk of investing in systems that fail to meet expectations or disrupt daily operations. This planning phase acts as a bridge, aligning your fleet’s current setup with the demands of future V2G implementation. Below are the key areas to focus on during the assessment process.

Fleet Readiness Assessment for V2G

A thorough readiness assessment is the cornerstone of a successful V2G deployment. This evaluation sheds light on potential challenges and opportunities, helping fleet managers make informed decisions.

Vehicle Compatibility Analysis

Start by determining whether your fleet vehicles support V2G functionality. Not all electric vehicles are equipped for bidirectional charging, so it’s essential to review the specifications of your current fleet and any planned vehicle acquisitions.

Analysing route patterns and dwell-time data can help identify which vehicles are best suited for V2G operations. Additionally, monitoring battery health is vital to address potential issues like degradation, ensuring vehicles remain operational and maintenance schedules are optimised.

Current Telematics Infrastructure Evaluation

The next step is to assess your existing telematics systems. Platforms like GRS Fleet Telematics can provide the data integration and communication capabilities essential for V2G operations. It’s also important to check if your telematics system can handle additional data streams, as this will be key to making informed energy trading decisions.

Charging Infrastructure Assessment

Evaluate your current charging infrastructure to determine if it supports V2G technology. Identify high-usage charging spots within your operations to maximise efficiency.

Operational Impact Analysis

Understanding how V2G will influence day-to-day operations is critical. Fleet managers need to assess its effect on driver workflows, vehicle availability, and overall productivity. Engaging directly with drivers and fleet operators can provide valuable insights into how V2G might play out in real-world scenarios.

Once the operational groundwork is laid, attention can shift to the financial and regulatory aspects of V2G integration.

UK Costs and Regulatory Requirements

Financial Planning and Revenue Potential

A key question for fleet managers is: when will V2G become a viable revenue stream? This requires a deep dive into the current UK energy market and an analysis of how the fleet’s specific characteristics align with potential financial gains. Understanding how to access V2G revenue streams is just as important.

Grid Integration and Market Analysis

To make V2G work effectively, fleet managers need to consider local grid conditions and market opportunities. Aligning vehicle and charger data with grid capacity can help pinpoint areas where V2G services are most profitable. Interestingly, regions with tighter grid constraints often present greater revenue opportunities.

Regulatory Compliance and Standards

UK regulations around V2G are still evolving, with Ofgem and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy working to establish frameworks for vehicle-grid integration. Fleet managers must ensure their systems comply with current regulations while remaining flexible enough to adapt to future changes. A strong regulatory foundation is vital for the technical implementation phase that follows.

V2G Telematics Implementation Guide

Once you've completed your fleet readiness assessment and ensured compliance with all regulations, it's time to bring your V2G telematics system to life. This means coordinating hardware installation, software integration, and grid service connections. A well-structured approach ensures everything works smoothly, aligning your fleet operations with grid services.

V2G System Setup and Configuration

The foundation of a successful V2G deployment lies in proper hardware installation and system configuration. This requires close collaboration between technical teams to meet both vehicle and infrastructure needs.

Hardware Installation and Connectivity

Start by installing V2G-compatible charging stations at your depot locations. These bidirectional chargers depend on three-phase power connections and reliable communication capabilities. It's essential that each charger has a stable internet connection to enable real-time data sharing with fleet management systems and grid operators.

Vehicle telematics must also be configured to track key metrics such as battery state, charging behaviours, and energy usage specific to V2G operations. For example, systems like GRS Fleet Telematics can provide insights into battery charge levels, thermal management, and energy consumption per kilometre. This data is crucial for streamlining fleet operations and participating effectively in grid services.

System Configuration and Testing

Set up charging schedules based on your fleet's operational needs and local energy tariffs. For instance, one UK fleet significantly reduced costs by scheduling charging during off-peak hours, taking advantage of cheaper £/kWh rates. With time-of-use tariffs becoming more common across the UK, similar savings are achievable.

Before rolling out the system fully, conduct thorough tests of bidirectional energy flow. Ensure vehicles can both receive and supply energy as scheduled, while maintaining enough charge for regular operations. Additionally, test dynamic load management systems to confirm they can distribute charging loads across multiple vehicles without exceeding your site's electrical capacity.

Once your hardware and configurations are fine-tuned, the next step is to integrate these elements into your fleet management software for seamless operation.

Fleet Management Software Integration

With your system set up, it's time to bring everything together by integrating telematics data into your fleet management software. This enables real-time decision-making and automated responses to operational and energy market demands.

Data Flow and API Integration

Use APIs to enable real-time tracking of critical data like battery health, charging status, and vehicle location. This ensures your system can handle the unique requirements of EVs, such as detailed charging pattern analysis and precise state-of-charge monitoring.

Intelligent Scheduling and Route Optimisation

V2G-enabled systems enhance scheduling by considering factors like vehicle usage, battery health, energy prices, grid demand, and availability windows. This approach keeps vehicles on the road longer while cutting operating costs.

Advanced route planning tools can also factor in real-time traffic, weather conditions, battery range, and charging station availability. By optimising these elements, fleets can reduce energy use, shorten travel times, and keep vehicles charged throughout the day. For example, fleets using such systems have reported an 8%–13% reduction in total costs compared to diesel vehicles, while a straightforward 1:1 vehicle swap achieved just a 3% saving.

Predictive Maintenance Integration

Integrating V2G telematics into your fleet management system also unlocks predictive maintenance capabilities. By analysing battery wear, charging habits, and component performance, the system can predict maintenance needs before problems occur. This proactive approach minimises unexpected downtime and extends the lifespan of your vehicles - an important consideration given the higher upfront costs of V2G-capable EVs.

Working with Grid Service Aggregators

With real-time V2G data flowing through your fleet management software, the next step is to partner with grid service aggregators. These intermediaries connect fleet operators with utility companies, helping you tap into revenue opportunities.

Aggregator Selection and Partnership Development

Choose aggregators with a strong track record in the UK energy market and established ties to National Grid ESO. Since different aggregators focus on varying services - from frequency response to peak shaving - select one that aligns with your fleet's operational schedule. Negotiate contracts that prioritise your fleet's needs while maximising revenue potential. Agreements should include provisions for operational overrides to ensure your fleet remains functional during critical periods, as well as clear communication protocols to prevent scheduling conflicts.

Revenue Optimisation and Grid Services

The profitability of V2G services depends on factors like timing, grid conditions, and the type of service provided. Peak demand periods often offer the highest earnings, but these opportunities must be balanced against your fleet's operational needs. Aggregators use advanced algorithms to determine the best times for vehicles to participate in grid services, factoring in battery charge levels, departure schedules, and current energy prices.

This integration allows fleets to participate in multiple revenue streams. For example, vehicles can provide frequency response services while charging, join demand response programmes during peak times, or sell excess energy back to the grid when idle. With 83% of fleets already using telematics, much of the necessary infrastructure is often already in place.

Track performance metrics closely to ensure your V2G participation is delivering the expected returns. By monitoring revenue, operational impacts, and battery health, many fleet operators find that V2G not only generates additional income but also improves energy management and reduces overall energy costs.

V2G System Monitoring and Security

Once your V2G telematics system is up and running, connected to grid services, ensuring strong security measures and constant monitoring becomes a top priority. These systems handle sensitive data and valuable energy resources, making them potential targets for cyber threats. At the same time, precise performance tracking is crucial to maximise efficiency and returns. Building on the initial integration steps, these measures ensure your system operates smoothly and securely.

V2G Telematics Security Measures

V2G systems introduce several potential vulnerabilities, from vehicle telematics units to charging infrastructure and grid connections. A solid security framework is essential to protect both your fleet and energy trading operations.

Data Encryption and Cybersecurity

Secure communication is critical. All data exchanged between vehicles, charging stations, and fleet management systems - such as battery information, charging schedules, and energy trading data - should be encrypted using advanced protocols like AES-256. This ensures sensitive information stays protected.

Additionally, network security requires vigilant monitoring of all connected devices. Specialised firewalls designed for V2G operations can handle the unique communication patterns between vehicles and grid services without disrupting energy flows. Regular security audits are also key to identifying and addressing vulnerabilities, particularly as new devices are added to your fleet.

Physical Security and Vehicle Protection

The high value and advanced technology of V2G-enabled vehicles make theft prevention more challenging. Tools like GRS Fleet Telematics' dual-tracker technology, which boasts a 91% recovery rate, can help safeguard these assets.

Charging stations should also be secured with tamper-evident seals, motion sensors, surveillance systems, and automated alerts to deter unauthorised access. These measures can quickly notify security teams of any suspicious activity, especially during off-hours.

System Backup and Continuity Planning

V2G systems rely on uninterrupted connectivity between various components. To ensure operations continue smoothly, establish backup communication pathways, such as alternative internet connections and redundant data storage systems.

Prepare contingency plans for different scenarios, ranging from individual vehicle issues to full system outages. These plans should prioritise maintaining essential fleet operations while meeting grid service commitments. Regular testing of these backup systems ensures they are ready to perform when needed.

Energy Usage and Performance Tracking

With a secure and monitored system in place, tracking energy metrics becomes the next focus. Comprehensive monitoring of energy flows, battery health, and vehicle availability is essential for making informed decisions and optimising revenue.

Real-Time Battery and Energy Monitoring

Keep a close eye on your fleet’s state-of-charge, charging rates, and discharge patterns in real time. This data helps predict vehicle availability for fleet operations and grid services. Modern telematics systems can even detect early signs of battery performance issues.

Track energy flows during both charging and grid services. Monitoring these metrics at regular intervals ensures accurate revenue calculations and compliance with grid standards by keeping an eye on power quality indicators like voltage, frequency, and harmonics.

Predictive Analytics and Maintenance

Historical performance data can be a powerful tool for predicting maintenance needs and fine-tuning charging schedules. Analysing battery degradation patterns helps optimise charging strategies and extend battery lifespan.

Driver behaviour also plays a role in energy efficiency. Aggressive acceleration, high speeds, and inefficient route planning can wear down batteries faster. Telematics data can pinpoint these habits, enabling targeted coaching programmes to improve efficiency.

Vehicle Availability and Optimisation

Understanding vehicle usage patterns is key to maximising grid service participation. Monitor departure times, return schedules, and parking durations to identify optimal energy trading windows without affecting fleet operations. Advanced systems can even adjust charging schedules dynamically based on usage predictions and current energy prices.

Temperature monitoring is another critical factor. Batteries perform differently in varying weather conditions - cold temperatures may reduce capacity and efficiency, while hot conditions can activate energy-draining thermal management systems. Incorporate these variables into your energy trading and availability planning.

Measuring V2G Integration Success

Once security and monitoring are in place, it’s time to evaluate the success of your V2G integration. This involves assessing financial, operational, and reliability metrics to ensure your investment is delivering the expected results.

Financial Metrics

Start by calculating the total cost of ownership, including vehicle purchases, charging infrastructure, telematics systems, and ongoing expenses. Compare these costs against traditional fleet operations, factoring in revenue from grid services. Many fleets find that V2G participation helps reduce overall energy costs, though this depends on local energy prices and grid service opportunities.

Track revenue from grid services like frequency response, demand response, and energy arbitrage. By comparing earnings with vehicle availability, you can identify the most profitable services and prioritise them.

Operational Efficiency

Measure fleet availability and reliability against pre-V2G benchmarks. Metrics like vehicle downtime, charging delays, and operational disruptions linked to grid participation should be closely monitored. A successful V2G system should enhance operational performance while generating additional income.

Energy efficiency is another important indicator. Use detailed telematics data to track kilometres per kWh and identify areas for improvement.

System Reliability

Monitor the uptime of all V2G components, including vehicles, charging stations, and communication systems. High availability rates are often required by grid service providers, making reliability monitoring essential for securing consistent revenue.

Response times for grid service requests and the accuracy of energy delivery are also critical. Systems that consistently meet or exceed performance expectations can lead to better service contracts and stronger relationships with grid operators.

Battery health should be tracked over time, comparing capacity degradation to manufacturer specifications and industry standards. This ensures V2G operations don’t accelerate wear and tear beyond what’s expected in standard EV use.

Regular performance reviews will help determine whether your V2G system is meeting its initial goals. Evaluate financial returns, operational impacts, and strategic advantages such as improved energy resilience and reduced costs.

Key Takeaways for Fleet Managers

Here are the essential lessons from the V2G integration process, tailored to help fleet managers in the UK optimise their operations and support the national grid.

V2G telematics integration offers a game-changing opportunity, but success hinges on thoughtful preparation and execution. Here's what you need to keep in mind:

Start with a detailed fleet assessment. Evaluate your vehicles, charging infrastructure, and operational patterns to gauge V2G readiness. This step helps you avoid costly retrofitting later on.
Plan your budget wisely. Factor in the additional costs for V2G-enabled vehicles, upgraded charging systems, and advanced telematics. Remember, these upfront expenses can be offset by revenue from grid services.
Select secure and reliable telematics solutions. For example, GRS Fleet Telematics provides dual-tracker technology to protect high-value assets while ensuring dependable data management.
Ensure smooth operations during the transition. Gradually introduce grid services, train your team, develop contingency plans, and implement backup systems to maintain operational continuity.
Monitor key metrics from day one. Keep an eye on vehicle availability, energy efficiency, and battery health to measure the impact of V2G integration effectively.

With UK regulations increasingly supporting V2G technology, planning ahead now will position your fleet to take advantage of future incentives and grid service opportunities.

FAQs

What challenges do fleet managers face when integrating V2G technology with telematics systems?

Fleet managers face several obstacles when it comes to integrating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology with telematics systems. One of the primary technical challenges lies in ensuring that telematics software works seamlessly with V2G hardware. On top of that, maintaining safety standards and addressing the potential battery wear caused by frequent charging and discharging cycles adds to the complexity.

Another significant issue is infrastructure. The availability of bidirectional charging stations that are compatible with V2G systems is often limited, making the process more challenging. Financial concerns also come into play, as the cost of implementing V2G-compatible systems – including specialised chargers – can be a major hurdle. This is further complicated by regulatory uncertainties, which can make planning and execution less straightforward.

However, these challenges are not insurmountable. With thorough planning and partnerships with reliable providers, fleet managers can navigate these difficulties more effectively. This approach can pave the way for smoother integration and help fleets tap into the full potential of V2G technology.

How do protocols like ISO 15118 and OpenADR ensure different parts of a V2G system work together?

Protocols like ISO 15118 and OpenADR play a key role in making Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems work effectively by offering standardised communication frameworks between electric vehicles (EVs), charging stations, and the electrical grid.

ISO 15118 focuses on secure, plug-and-charge functionality, simplifying the charging process while enabling bi-directional energy transfer. This ensures that EVs and charging infrastructure from different manufacturers can work together seamlessly. Meanwhile, OpenADR supports automated communication for demand response, helping grid operators manage energy flow efficiently during periods of high demand or surplus.

By setting common data formats and security protocols, these standards ensure reliable interaction between all components in a V2G system, paving the way for smoother and more efficient energy exchange.

What financial advantages can UK fleet managers gain from integrating V2G telematics, and how does this fit with the current energy market?

Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) telematics isn't just a tech upgrade - it’s a potential game-changer for UK fleet managers looking to cut costs. With this technology, fleets could save up to £12,000 per year for each electric vehicle by reducing electricity system operation costs. On top of that, energy expenses could drop by more than £620 annually per vehicle when compared to standard tariffs. These kinds of savings are becoming increasingly vital as energy prices continue to climb in the UK, coupled with ongoing market unpredictability.

As energy bills are forecasted to rise further in the coming years, V2G technology offers a smart, proactive way to tackle these challenges. By using telematics to optimise energy consumption and capitalise on market price shifts, fleet managers can not only improve their bottom line but also contribute to a more efficient and sustainable energy system.